China's Lithium-Ion Battery industry - Solving safety Concerns

There are many aspects to Li-ion battery security throughout its organize processes, together with safe battery structure, safe raw materials, protective functions and security certifications. When interviewed by China Electronics News, Mr Su Jinran, deputy chief engineer of Tianjin Lishen Battery Co Ltd, said that goods security began in goods design, therefore choosing the right electrode materials, separators and electrolytes are the first priority for safe battery design. For battery anode materials, ternary materials, manganese lithium and lithium iron phosphate, which have been widely used in battery organize and yielded satisfactory performance, are more gain than original lithium cobaltate and nickel lithium.

Su said that at present, the R&D and manufacturing of anode, cathode and electrolyte materials have established sufficient scales in China, basically capable of satisfying the organize and manufacturing requirements of Li-ion batteries. Furthermore, the investigate on some safe coating materials has started to be commercialized, providing a new aspect for enhancing Li-ion battery safety, but China still needs to spend more and ensue up on R&D and applications in this area.

Powered Engine

An executive from the movable energy enterprise of Sanyo galvanic Co., Ltd in China commented that when it comes to security of Li-ion battery, all parts and materials used for manufacture the battery play prominent roles. They are therefore trying to put together parts and materials to ensure its security as a whole. Furthermore, in order to apply parts and materials, it is prominent to employ developed industrial yield technologies and ability control technologies when reasoning about security improvement. "To additional ensure Li-ion battery safety, we need to jointly think batteries and the electronic equipment that use them. Meanwhile, the issue of battery security has to be addressed by electronic equipment manufacturers and battery manufacturers together." said the executive.

China's Lithium-Ion Battery industry - Solving safety Concerns

Innovation-based thorough setting

Due to the complexity in Li-ion battery security mechanism, especially the impact on security after re-using the batteries, the process of comprehension Li-ion battery security and setting its standards should be gradual and progressive. And the improvement and application of external control techniques should also be considered. Su suggested that as setting Li-ion battery security standards is a extremely technical job, both thorough setting professionals from battery standardisation bodies and technical specialists from the battery industry, users and electronic control areas should partake in the process, together with experimental verification works.

Senior engineer from China Electronics Standardization Institute, Mr Sun Chuanhao, said that Li-ion batteries currently could be divided into energy types and power types. As these two products have differences in materials and organize structures, their testing methods and requirements are dissimilar, even under the same security conditions. The so-called transported batteries belong to the energy type, together with Li-ion batteries used in movable phones, laptops, digital cameras and video cameras, while the power type battery is for power tools, galvanic bikes and galvanic vehicles. Sun suggested authorities should introduce separate Li-ion battery security standards for these two distinctive types.

Many commerce experts agreed that thorough setting of Li-ion battery in China should be built on the foundation of independent innovation, but also need to learn and refer to international standards such as Iec, Ieee and Ul.

Li-ion battery for car use

Because of its light weight and high energy density, Li-ion battery's application areas are addition in China, and it is hoping that Li-ion technology could be heavily used in hybrid vehicles and galvanic vehicles, which could additional increase Li-ion battery's market penetration. As a result, developing Li-ion batteries for car use has become a focus for many Chinese Li-ion battery manufacturers. An interpreter from China Academy of Sciences, Mr Huang Xuejie, pointed out that although China is now the second largest Li-ion manufacturing country only behind Japan, it is not yet a strong country in this field. Many small-size batteries in China are still produced manually, resulting in various goods ability and fierce price competition. Commercialisation of power type batteries is till at an early stage in China, and there is still a vacuum for Li-ion batteries which could last 15 years on hybrid galvanic cars, as well as their key materials and technologies.

As there are high technical barriers for producing high end products such as vehicle-use Li-ion batteries, experts are calling for the cooperation between R&D, engineering technologies and supervision specialists. And in order to enhance the technical level of China's battery industry, the government should also give aid and organize expertise spreading mechanism for the industry.

China's Lithium-Ion Battery industry - Solving safety Concerns

Fire Truck History 1900 - 1960

The first fire engines truly predate the automobile; steam-powered fire engines were first used in the mid-nineteenth century. They were truly quite lowly before the introduction of the movable fire apparatus.

By the turn of the century, they took the form of horse-drawn or automobile versions with hand water pumps mounted on the back. The first fire engine was in fact used by the Cincinnati fire division in the 1850's. These represented a big shift from earlier methods of fighting fires, including pail lines. Still, they looked nothing like modern fire engines or even those that would appear by 1900. Most engines of this era were found in urban cities Because of tiny demand, the trucks from 1900-1960 were usually tiny to unique designs from local manufacturers.

Powered Engine

Not only were there countless fire apparatus manufacturers, but there were also many contentious departments in most cities of this early era. Until professional departments were developed, these volunteer brigades often fought against each other, trying to outdo each other by obtaining the biggest and best fire engines. Because red was the most costly paint color, most crews ended up painting their trucks red, a tradition that stuck. The color red was also chosen because of the stark divergence with most early cars, which were black.

Fire Truck History 1900 - 1960

By the turn of the century, fire trucks became more and more vital as many towns switched from volunteer to professional fire departments. Crowded cities required newer technology with efficient water pumps that were more movable than former steam-driven fire engines. Still, many smaller fire departments continued to use steam powered fire engines until as late as 1920. In fact, the term "fire truck" did not come to replace the earlier "fire engine" or "fire apparatus" until the 1930's. However, by 1910 to 1920 motorized fire trucks became lowly in most cities.

Many small companies still took part in the amelioration of fire trucks once they were no longer steam-powered. By 1913, the Ahrens-Fox Manufacturing business of Cincinnati became customary for replacing horse-drawn fire engines with fire trucks. However, possibly the most predominant constructor of fire apparatus is Mack Trucks, a business that began building fire trucks nearby 1911. With a characteristic snub-nosed hood, the Mack truck earned the name "Bull Dog" for its performance. Mack trucks were produced in one form or someone else all the way until 1990, development them one of the most recognizable types of vintage fire trucks.

By 1960, the roots of the modern fire apparatus could clearly be seen. 1950's and 1960's trucks came appropriate with modern water pumps. The 1930's to the 1960's also saw the amelioration of an aerial ladder for reaching tall buildings. The longest aerial ladders have reached a height of 150 feet, sometimes even requiring their own trucks. Also while the 1960's, the first diesel fire trucks were developed. Although the firefighters using most early fire engines sat on the sides of the engines or even on the rear, modernized fire trucks included fully enclosed seats for the crew.

Fire Truck History 1900 - 1960